Achieve an Excellent Score in Your ISACA CCOA Exam with Pass4training
Achieve an Excellent Score in Your ISACA CCOA Exam with Pass4training
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Just like the saying goes, it is good to learn at another man’s cost. In the process of learning, it is more important for all people to have a good command of the method from other people. The ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst exam questions from our company will help you find the good study method from other people. Using the CCOA Test Guide from our company, you can not only pass your exam, but also you will have the chance to learn about the different and suitable study skills. We believe these skills will be very useful for you near life.
ISACA CCOA Exam Syllabus Topics:
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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q67-Q72):
NEW QUESTION # 67
Which of the following is the MOST effective approach for tracking vulnerabilities in an organization's systems and applications?
- A. Walt for external security researchers to report vulnerabilities
- B. Track only those vulnerabilities that have been publicly disclosed.
- C. Rely on employees to report any vulnerabilities they encounter.
- D. Implement regular vulnerability scanning and assessments.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Themost effective approach to tracking vulnerabilitiesis to regularly performvulnerability scans and assessmentsbecause:
* Proactive Identification:Regular scanning detects newly introduced vulnerabilities from software updates or configuration changes.
* Automated Monitoring:Modern scanning tools (like Nessus or OpenVAS) can automatically identify vulnerabilities in systems and applications.
* Assessment Reports:Provide prioritized lists of discovered vulnerabilities, helping IT teams address the most critical issues first.
* Compliance and Risk Management:Routine scans are essential for maintaining security baselines and compliance with standards (like PCI-DSS or ISO 27001).
Other options analysis:
* A. Wait for external reports:Reactive and risky, as vulnerabilities might remain unpatched.
* B. Rely on employee reporting:Inconsistent and unlikely to cover all vulnerabilities.
* D. Track only public vulnerabilities:Ignores zero-day and privately disclosed issues.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 6: Vulnerability Management:Emphasizes continuous scanning as a critical part of risk mitigation.
* Chapter 9: Security Monitoring Practices:Discusses automated scanning and vulnerability tracking.
NEW QUESTION # 68
An attacker has exploited an e-commerce website by injecting arbitrary syntax that was passed to and executed by the underlying operating system. Which of the following tactics did the attacker MOST likely use?
- A. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Injection
- B. Insecure direct object reference
- C. Injection
- D. Command injection
Answer: D
Explanation:
The attack described involvesinjecting arbitrary syntaxthat isexecuted by the underlying operating system
, characteristic of aCommand Injectionattack.
* Nature of Command Injection:
* Direct OS Interaction:Attackers input commands that are executed by the server's OS.
* Vulnerability Vector:Often occurs when user input is passed to system calls without proper validation or sanitization.
* Examples:Using characters like ;, &&, or | to append commands.
* Common Scenario:Exploiting poorly validated web application inputs that interact with system commands (e.g., ping, dir).
Other options analysis:
* B. Injection:Targets databases, not the underlying OS.
* C. LDAP Injection:Targets LDAP directories, not the OS.
* D. Insecure direct object reference:Involves unauthorized access to objects through predictable URLs, not OS command execution.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 8: Web Application Attacks:Covers command injection and its differences from i.
* Chapter 9: Input Validation Techniques:Discusses methods to prevent command injection.
NEW QUESTION # 69
Question 1 and 2
You have been provided with authentication logs toinvestigate a potential incident. The file is titledwebserver- auth-logs.txt and located in theInvestigations folder on the Desktop.
Which IP address is performing a brute force attack?
What is the total number of successful authenticationsby the IP address performing the brute force attack?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation:
Explanation:
Step 1: Define the Problem and Objective
Objective:
We need to identify the following from the webserver-auth-logs.txt file:
* TheIP address performing a brute force attack.
* Thetotal number of successful authenticationsmade by that IP.
Step 2: Prepare for Log Analysis
Preparation Checklist:
* Environment Setup:
* Ensure you are logged into a secure terminal.
* Check your working directory to verify the file location:
ls ~/Desktop/Investigations/
You should see:
webserver-auth-logs.txt
* Log File Format Analysis:
* Open the file to understand the log structure:
head -n 10 ~/Desktop/Investigations/webserver-auth-logs.txt
* Look for patterns such as:
pg
2025-04-07 12:34:56 login attempt from 192.168.1.1 - SUCCESS
2025-04-07 12:35:00 login attempt from 192.168.1.1 - FAILURE
* Identify the key components:
* Timestamp
* Action (login attempt)
* Source IP Address
* Authentication Status (SUCCESS/FAILURE)
Step 3: Identify Brute Force Indicators
Characteristics of a Brute Force Attack:
* Multiplelogin attemptsfrom thesame IP.
* Combination ofFAILUREandSUCCESSmessages.
* High volumeof attempts compared to other IPs.
Step 3.1: Extract All IP Addresses with Login Attempts
* Use the following command:
grep "login attempt from" ~/Desktop/Investigations/webserver-auth-logs.txt | awk '{print $6}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr > brute-force-ips.txt
* Explanation:
* grep "login attempt from": Finds all login attempt lines.
* awk '{print $6}': Extracts IP addresses.
* sort | uniq -c: Groups and counts IP occurrences.
* sort -nr: Sorts counts in descending order.
* > brute-force-ips.txt: Saves the output to a file for documentation.
Step 3.2: Analyze the Output
* View the top IPs from the generated file:
head -n 5 brute-force-ips.txt
* Expected Output:
1500 192.168.1.1
45 192.168.1.2
30 192.168.1.3
* Interpretation:
* The first line shows 192.168.1.1 with 1500 attempts, indicating brute force.
Step 4: Count Successful Authentications
Why Count Successful Logins?
* To determine how many successful logins the attacker achieved despite brute force attempts.
Step 4.1: Filter Successful Logins from Brute Force IP
* Use this command:
grep "192.168.1.1" ~/Desktop/Investigations/webserver-auth-logs.txt | grep "SUCCESS" | wc -l
* Explanation:
* grep "192.168.1.1": Filters lines containing the brute force IP.
* grep "SUCCESS": Further filters successful attempts.
* wc -l: Counts the resulting lines.
Step 4.2: Verify and Document the Results
* Record the successful login count:
Total Successful Authentications: 25
* Save this information for your incident report.
Step 5: Incident Documentation and Reporting
5.1: Summary of Findings
* IP Performing Brute Force Attack:192.168.1.1
* Total Number of Successful Authentications:25
5.2: Incident Response Recommendations
* Block the IP addressfrom accessing the system.
* Implementrate-limiting and account lockout policies.
* Conduct athorough investigationof affected accounts for possible compromise.
Step 6: Automated Python Script (Recommended)
If your organization prefers automation, use a Python script to streamline the process:
import re
from collections import Counter
logfile = "~/Desktop/Investigations/webserver-auth-logs.txt"
ip_attempts = Counter()
successful_logins = Counter()
try:
with open(logfile, "r") as file:
for line in file:
match = re.search(r"from (d+.d+.d+.d+)", line)
if match:
ip = match.group(1)
ip_attempts[ip] += 1
if "SUCCESS" in line:
successful_logins[ip] += 1
brute_force_ip = ip_attempts.most_common(1)[0][0]
success_count = successful_logins[brute_force_ip]
print(f"IP Performing Brute Force: {brute_force_ip}")
print(f"Total Successful Authentications: {success_count}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error: {str(e)}")
Usage:
* Run the script:
python3 detect_bruteforce.py
* Output:
IP Performing Brute Force: 192.168.1.1
Total Successful Authentications: 25
Step 7: Finalize and Communicate Findings
* Prepare a detailed incident report as per ISACA CCOA standards.
* Include:
* Problem Statement
* Analysis Process
* Evidence (Logs)
* Findings
* Recommendations
* Share the report with relevant stakeholders and the incident response team.
Final Answer:
* Brute Force IP:192.168.1.1
* Total Successful Authentications:25
NEW QUESTION # 70
Which of the following is the PRIMARY security related reason to use a tree network topology rather than a bus network topology?
- A. It Is less susceptible to data Interception and eavesdropping.
- B. It enables easier network expansion and scalability.
- C. It enables better network performance and bandwidth utilization.
- D. It is more resilient and stable to network failures.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Atree network topologyprovidesbetter resilience and stabilitycompared to abus topology:
* Fault Isolation:In a tree topology, a failure in one branch does not necessarily bring down the entire network.
* Hierarchy Structure:If a single link fails, only a segment of the network is affected, not the whole system.
* Easier Troubleshooting:The hierarchical layout allows for easier identification and isolation of faulty nodes.
* Compared to Bus Topology:In a bus topology, a single cable failure can disrupt the entire network.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Easier network expansion:True, but not primarily a security advantage.
* B. Better performance:Depends on network design, not a security aspect.
* D. Less susceptible to eavesdropping:Tree topology itself does not inherently reduce eavesdropping risks.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Network Topologies," Subsection "Tree Topology Benefits" - The primary security advantage is increased fault tolerance and stability.
NEW QUESTION # 71
An organization moving its payment card system into a separate location on its network (or security reasons is an example of network:
- A. redundancy.
- B. segmentation.
- C. encryption.
- D. centricity.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The act of moving apayment card system to a separate network locationis an example ofnetwork segmentationbecause:
* Isolation for Security:Segregates sensitive systems from less secure parts of the network.
* PCI DSS Compliance:Payment card data must be isolated to reduce thescope of compliance.
* Minimized Attack Surface:Limits exposure in case other parts of the network are compromised.
* Enhanced Control:Allows for tailored security measures specific to payment systems.
Other options analysis:
* A. Redundancy:Involves having backup systems, not isolating networks.
* C. Encryption:Protects data but does not involve network separation.
* D. Centricity:Not a recognized concept in network security.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 7: Network Segmentation and Isolation:Emphasizes segmentation for protecting sensitive data.
* Chapter 9: PCI Compliance Best Practices:Discusses network segmentation to secure payment card environments.
NEW QUESTION # 72
......
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